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What Causes Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)?

What is Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)?

Dry mouth, also called xerostomia, happens when your mouth does not make enough saliva. Saliva is the liquid that keeps your mouth moist. It helps you chew, swallow, and talk. Without enough saliva, your mouth can feel sticky or dry. This condition can affect your dental health and daily comfort. According to the CDC, dry mouth is common and can affect people of all ages.

Common Causes of Dry Mouth

Many things can cause dry mouth. Sometimes, it is a side effect of medicine. Other times, it is linked to health problems or habits. Here are some common causes:

  • Medications: Many medicines, like those for allergies, high blood pressure, or depression, can cause dry mouth.
  • Medical Conditions: Diabetes, stroke, and autoimmune diseases like Sjögren’s syndrome can lead to dry mouth.
  • Cancer Treatments: Radiation or chemotherapy for head and neck cancers may damage the glands that make saliva.
  • Nerve Damage: Injury to the head or neck can affect nerves that help make saliva.
  • Dehydration: Not drinking enough water, sweating a lot, or being sick can cause your mouth to dry out.
  • Lifestyle Habits: Smoking or chewing tobacco can make dry mouth worse.

    • Risk Factors

    Some people are more likely to get dry mouth. For example, older adults often take more medicines, which can increase risk. Also, people with certain health problems or those who smoke may notice dry mouth more often. If you live in a dry climate, you might feel symptoms more strongly. Even stress or anxiety can sometimes play a role.

    Symptoms to Watch For

    Dry mouth can show up in many ways. Watch for these signs:

  • Sticky or dry feeling in your mouth
  • Frequent thirst
  • Cracked lips or corners of the mouth
  • Dry or sore throat
  • Bad breath
  • Trouble chewing, swallowing, or talking
  • Changes in taste
  • Burning feeling on your tongue

    • If you notice these symptoms, it is important to pay attention. Early action can help prevent dental problems.

    When to See a Dentist

    Sometimes, dry mouth is just a minor problem. However, you should see a dentist if:

  • Your dry mouth lasts for more than a few days
  • You have trouble eating or speaking
  • Your mouth feels very sore or burns
  • You notice more cavities or gum problems

    • Early treatment can protect your teeth and gums. Dentists can suggest dry mouth treatment options that fit your needs.

    Prevention Tips

    There are simple ways to help prevent dry mouth. Try these tips:

  • Drink water often, even if you are not thirsty
  • Chew sugar-free gum to help make more saliva
  • Avoid drinks with caffeine or alcohol, as they can dry your mouth
  • Do not smoke or use tobacco products
  • Use a humidifier at night if your home is dry

    • These steps can make a big difference in your oral care routine.

    Lifestyle Guidance for Managing Dry Mouth

    Managing dry mouth is possible with a few lifestyle changes. For example, eat soft, moist foods to make chewing easier. Also, avoid salty or spicy foods, as they can make dryness worse. Brush your teeth twice a day and use fluoride toothpaste. Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups. If you need extra help, ask your dentist about saliva substitutes or special mouth rinses. With the right care, you can keep your mouth healthy and comfortable.

    For more information, you can visit trusted sources like the CDC or the American Dental Association.

    Consult a dental specialist for personalized advice on managing dry mouth.