Understanding the Causes of Oral Ulcers (Canker Sores): A Dental Perspective

What Are Oral Ulcers (Canker Sores)?

Oral ulcers, also called canker sores, are small, painful sores inside the mouth. They often appear on the inner cheeks, lips, or tongue. Many people ask, “Why do I get mouth ulcers?” These sores are not contagious. However, they can make eating, drinking, or talking uncomfortable. Most oral ulcers heal on their own within one to two weeks. Still, understanding the causes of oral ulcers (canker sores) can help you prevent them.

Common Causes of Oral Ulcers

There are many reasons why someone might get mouth ulcers. Knowing these causes can help you avoid them. Some of the most common causes include:

Minor mouth injuries: Accidentally biting your cheek or brushing too hard can cause ulcers.

Stress: Emotional stress or anxiety may trigger canker sores in some people.

Certain foods: Spicy, acidic, or salty foods can irritate the mouth and lead to ulcers.

Vitamin deficiencies: Lack of vitamin B12, iron, or folic acid may cause mouth ulcers.

Hormonal changes: Some women get canker sores during their menstrual cycle.

Allergic reactions: Sensitivity to toothpaste, mouthwash, or certain foods can be a trigger.

Medical conditions: Diseases like celiac disease or Crohn’s disease can cause oral ulcers.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these causes are common in both children and adults.

Risk Factors and Triggers

Some people are more likely to get canker sores than others. For example, genetics can play a role. If your parents often had mouth ulcers, you might get them too. In addition, certain triggers can make ulcers more likely to appear. These include:

High stress levels

Poor oral hygiene

Eating foods that irritate your mouth

Using dental braces or ill-fitting dentures

Weakened immune system

Furthermore, people in the US who smoke or use tobacco products may have a higher risk. CDC studies show that quitting tobacco can help reduce mouth problems, including ulcers.

When to See a Dentist

Most canker sores heal without treatment. However, sometimes you should see a dental professional. For instance, you should seek help if:

The sore lasts more than two weeks

You have frequent or very large ulcers

You have trouble eating or drinking

The ulcer is spreading or getting worse

You have a high fever or feel very unwell

In these cases, a dentist can check for other health problems. They may suggest special treatments or tests.

Prevention Tips

While you cannot always prevent canker sores, you can lower your risk. Try these oral ulcer prevention tips:

Brush your teeth gently with a soft-bristled brush

Avoid foods that trigger your ulcers, such as spicy or acidic items

Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Use toothpaste and mouthwash without sodium lauryl sulfate

Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups

By following these steps, you can help keep your mouth healthy and reduce the chance of getting canker sores.

Consult a dental professional for personalized advice on oral ulcers.